Case citation examples uk law. The APA Publication Case Law examples Format: in text citation In the case of Party names (Year) Format: reference Party names (Year) Source Page number. They cover judgments from all divisions of the High Court, Court of Template Please ensure that you follow the template exactly, including text formatting (CAPITALS, italics), and any punctuation. After we’ve looked at how to find case law, you should: Know the main sources where you can find case law from Scotland and other parts of The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. The seasoned law librarian can untangle jumbled years and In academic texts, laws might be cited. Instead, the Cases from other jurisdictions outside the UK: OSCOLA is vague about this and says to cite cases from other jurisdictions as they would be cited in their own jurisdiction but Cases Give the party names, followed by the neutral citation, followed by the Law Reports citation (eg AC, Ch, QB). Is there a single volume for each year, multiple volumes Neutral citations were introduced in the UK in 2001 for judgments from all divisions of the High Court. To find the most authorative series for the UK you can use an online case citator tool such as Westlaw Case Analysis or Lexis Library's Case Search which will have the list of A guide covering citing and referencing legal materials using Harvard, including examples for case law and legislation. The year of the case is 1790. Case law is law established by judicial decision in cases. Tables listing full citations for the primary sources of law, typically case law reports and primary and secondary legislation (Acts and Statutory Instruments) referred to in your Law report citations are linked to a published series of law reports. The term ‘law’ is an umbrella term, which is used to mean either one of the following: Legal cases: The court assigns the neutral citation when the decision is rendered, so a very recent case will have only a neutral citation until it is included in a printed reporter. This guide will introduce you to how to use the Bluebook. When citing UK case law, it is important to refer to the most authoritative reporter in which a judgment is published, with a preference given to The Law Reports, followed by the Use any search term including neutral citation, names and keywords The second rule is to understand the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) way of citing a case. Traditional case OSCOLA Referencing Guide OSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic Case citations The purpose of a case citation is to provide sufficient information so that the cited case can be located. It is The citation for the most authoritative report can be found directly following the case name (pre-2001) or the neutral case citation (post-2001) in the citation lists in the legal databases and the INTERPRETING CASE CITATIONS GENERAL RULES What does case citation mean? Case citation is a system of referencing by which legal professionals can identify a Harvard Legal case To be made up of: Name of parties involved in the case (in italics). How to cite and reference cases Cases published since 2001 will have a neutral citation which must be used. Click on Cases tab, and search by citation, party names, or topic. Law reports contain details of rulings of national and international courts, generally including a full transcript of the judgment. This case citation tells us that the judgment in Page v Smith was reported in the 1996 edition of the series of the Law Reports called the Appeal Cases, starting on page 155. It performs the same task as referencing in general - that is, Following on from this (from 2002) came the use of neutral citations where by each case was given a neutral citation to identify it. For cases which are reported in one or more different law reports or journals, the citation of the sources is permitted and they shall be separated by a semi colon. 'Name of case' (Year) Title of law report, The case has neither a neutral citation nor a CanLII citation: the citation pattern to use CITATION ELEMENTS: style of cause, year of decision [if not part of main citation], main These rules apply to Australian cases. The law report citation for the Cases UK Supreme CourtPlease note that the Case Management Portal will be down for maintenance from 17:00 - 20:00 BST on Tuesday 9 September, 2025. Cases are numbered consecutively throughout the year and the abbreviation (UKHL, EWCH) Citation examples Law report The first time that you cite a case in the main body of your text, refer to it in full, including the parties in the case, abbreviation of the law report and page number. When citing cases, there is an expectation that the Citing multiple sources When citing multiple sources in footnotes for law cases, there are a few key guidelines to follow. Use italics for the name of the case, with an Use the ICLR "law reports" series (AC, KB, QB, Ch, Fam), if the case is reported there. OSCOLA Referencing Cases (Scotland) The following are examples of how to reference cases from Scottish Courts. How to Cite Court Cases in APA Style | Format & Examples Published on February 4, 2021 by Jack Caulfield. The traditional form of legal Confused about citation in law and how to use it in your legal documents? Many legal professionals and students struggle to understand Learn how to cite case law correctly with this ultimate guide. All present consumed considerable quantities of Legal Cases When citing legal cases you will need to be aware of the difference between a neutral citation and law report citations. If there is no neutral citation, give the Law Reports citation followed by the The most authoritative report of this case is the Weekly Law Reports - we know this because it is the first report listed after the case analysis and neutral citation. case name | [year] OR (year) | volume | report abbreviation | first page Westlaw is a large database of UK, US and international legal materials including cases, legislation and journal articles. This example shows a citation of a book which is first cited (in full) at footnote 1, cited again in footnote 26 with a cross-citation to footnote 1, and then cited again at footnote 27. Confusingly these look like law report citations For repeated citations of a case, you can simply give the full citation each time, or use cross-citation; in either event, you can abbreviate the names of the parties after the first citation. Guide to UK law reports and their citations Below is a list of the most common domestic series not published by ICLR but cited in our reports. Citing Cases In this section you will learn how to cite cases from different time periods to reflect the various nuances for each. Index to Legal Citations and Neutral citations Neutral citations were introduced in the UK in 2001 for judgments from all divisions of the High Court. Also covered are Tribunal, including Solicitors For repeated citations of a case, you can simply give the full citation each time, or use cross-citation; in either event, you can abbreviate the names of the parties after the first citation. •UK statutes, statutory instruments and law reports Help and guidance on how to search judgments and decisions on the Find Case Law service using the search box and filters. These are the most Case law refers to law established by judicial decisions in cases. If you plan to refer to this case later, provide the reader with a short form in brackets. In a neutral citation, the abbreviated court Learn how to cite case law using the OSCOLA referencing style. Knowing how to cite case law is an essential skill for anyone studying or working in law. Citations are placed in footnotes, with formats for all types of legal texts and secondary sources. Case law citations are structured differently depending on the jurisdiction and the style Example OSCOLA References for Cases in England and Wales Example Case Reference (with neutral citation) Carr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, Year of the judgment Jurisdiction and court Unique case number in that year Examples of Hong Kong and UK neutral citations: Tse Henry Edward v Commissioner of BAILII - Case Law Search The defendant, Bree (B), visited his brother and went for an evening out with him and others, including the complainant (C). Firstly, it is important to provide the full citation to the The only punctuation used is a comma to separate page numbers and to separate a neutral citation from a law report citation. Date (in square brackets if no volume number, in round brackets if there is a volume Cardiff Index of Legal Abbreviations – this is a free online database Raistrick, Index to Legal Citations and Abbreviations – ask library staff Halsbury’s Laws of England, 5th edition: UK Legal Abbreviations & Acronyms Use these tools described below to help you decipher unfamiliar UK legal abbreviations and acronyms. Revised on December 27, Learn how to write case law citations with this step-by-step guide. If a judgment is not reported in the Law Reports, cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Learn how to cite UK case law with this quick guide. 1 Neutral citations were introduced in the UK in 2001 for judgments from all divisions of the High Court and are independent of any printed series of law reports. Master citation formats, court rules, and legal referencing in 2025. It helps them to understand the decisions of the case. There are three parts of case citation - Volume, reported designation We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. If only the This example shows a citation of a book which is first cited (in full) at footnote 1, cited again in footnote 26 with a cross-citation to footnote 1, and then cited again at footnote 27. Cases published after 2001 will have a neutral citation which must be used. Top The Law Reports (AC, QB, Ch, Fam) Weekly Law Reports (WLR) or All England Law Reports (All ER) Specialist law reports, for example Lloyds Law Reports (Lloyd's Rep), 📚 How to Read Case and Statute Citations in England and Wales OSCOLA referencing is used in law. This guide covers everything you need to know to create accurate citations. In order to correctly format the reference we need to know how the Law Report volume is identified. . You should review the rest of this section on citing cases APA 7th Edition - University of Lincoln Law and legal references This section includes Statues (Laws and Acts), Cases (law reports) and International Conventions. An introduction to Cite Them Right (CTR) Harvard and OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities) referencing styles. When several law reports exist for a case, exist the most authoritative: the Law Report series (published by the What is citation? Legal citation is a standardised set of guidelines that allow the writer of legal discourse to refer to legal authorities and sources with enough clarity to enable This guidance applies whether you found the law report in print or online. This breaks Case citation United States Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States Case citation is a system used by legal professionals to The British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) has retroactively assigned neutral citations which the McGill Guide indicates to treat as court-assigned neutral citations. What is case law? Where can you find Scottish and English case law? How can you check the status of case law? A Law Workshop Guide: Understanding Citations itation is a reference to a legal authority. For example, the Case Law & Law Reports Neutral case citation Neutral case citations were introduced in January 2001. The APA 7th manual only gives American examples of legal documents, therefore we have interpreted this to produce the following guidance to cover the various UK & Scottish Mangled case citations have been a feature of legal research enquiries for as long as there have been cases to cite. Case citations appear as in the footnote but note that case names are not italicised in a table of cases and should appear in alphabetical order of the first significant word. Cases are numbered consecutively throughout the year and the abbreviation (e. UK A case citation is the way in which a case is referenced in order to allow lawyers to both find a copy of a case report or transcript and to identify a specific case. When referencing case law, the style of citation will depend on the style guide you are using. This is so the judgment of the case can be written up Case Example Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256 This is a landmark case in the UK (which is often considered in Australia) that established the test for Using OSCOLA The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for The Bluebook is a guide to a system of legal citation frequently used by law schools and law journals. A case citation is the way in which a case is referenced in order to allow lawyers to both find a copy of a case report or transcript and to identify a specific case. This session provides guidelines for citing cases from different jurisdictions, including Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the People's Republic of China, the European Case citation is citing references used by legal professionals. Practice Direction: Citation of Authorities 2012 states that if a case is reported in the Official Law Reports ' that report must be cited. To cite foreign or international cases, See Part IV: International Materials; See part V: Foreign Domestic Materials Case names, See 2. This makes later The HUDOC database [open access available to all with access to the internet] provides access to the case-law of the Court (Grand Chamber, Chamber and Committee The precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. For further information, have a look at the Guide to Neutral Citations. g. Discover the correct format, Bluebook rules, and real-world examples to help you master legal citation. Note: the source is in the abbreviated A typical case citation including a neutral citation: The name of the case in italics and the party names separated by a 'v' Then the neutral citation, followed by the law report series In this example the name of the case is Gilbert against Berkinshaw. Below are examples of how to reference cases in a Learn how to accurately create case law citations with this step-by-step guide, essential for legal research and writing. UKSC, UKHL, The components of a typical case citation are the case name, the neutral citation (where appropriate) and the law report citation. It is essential that citations to legal material follow a standard format so that anyone may case APA court citation is used to cite legal proceedings in a research paper, and understanding this format can be aided by looking at APA Include the full citation to the case immediately after the relevant text. Discover the key elements and format for accurate citations, ensuring your legal references are correct and compliant. Case law references are used to cite a particular case in a law report. This is so the judgment of the case can be written up quickly for online If a case is subsequently reported in a law report, use a comma to separate the neutral citation from the law report citation. If you search by topic, choose Advanced search and either enter your terms in the Subject/Keyword field or Contents Recent Acts Acts (Before 1963) Bills Statutory Instruments Legal Cases in England and Wales since 2001 with a neutral citation Legal Cases in Check the tabs above to see examples of how case citations and neutral citations are broken down, and for some common legal abbreviations for law reports and journals.
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